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Subject: Kim the Snake: A Lesson in the Korean War History
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Kim Chang Ryong: Japanese Military Police to Rhee's CIC Chief
??? (??? 1916~1956)
=20
?Striving to become a Japanese Military Policeman
Kim Chang Ryong was born in 1916 to poor peasant family in South =
Hamgyong Province. By this time Korea became part of Japan and Japanese =
colonialists were bent on subjugating the Korean people. They suppressed =
Korean nationalism using barbaric methods on one hand and held up =
equality with Japanese on the other hand.=20
The Japanese colonialists feared that lording over the Korean people =
would intensify anti-Japan sentiments among the Korean people and so =
they pushed the false notion of "Korea ruled by Koreans." They looked =
for the right kind of Koreans - those who were sold on the idea that =
Koreans would better off being Japanese - and pampered them and =
empowered them to lead the way. Kim Chang Ryong was one of these Korean =
Quislings.=20
After graduating from an agricultural vocation school and he got a job =
at a Japanese factory. He sought after Japanese ways of life and =
socialized exclusively with Japanese coworkers at the factory. After =
two years of hard work, Kim endeared himself the Japanese manager, who =
recommended Kim to a better job - a railway station attendant at =
Jiangchun (???), Manchuria. There he worked hard for the Japanese =
station master, who got Kim a job (??) with the Japanese military police =
in North Chine - this was Kim's dream come true: Imagine a Korean with =
the Japanese Military Police! He worked at his job of a police aid with =
due diligence and his dedication was recognized by the Japanese and, at =
last in 1940, Kim was sent to the Kwangtung military police training =
center and became a bona fide military police He was 25 years old at =
the time.
The sooner he came a military policeman, Kim was transformed into an =
ardent anti-Korean. He was out to show to his Japanese masters that he =
was not longer a Korean but a true-blood servant of the Emperor. His =
duty was to go undercover and ferret out anti-Japanese elements in =
China. His detective work took him to Nanjing (??), Muchiang (??), =
Hankao (??), Youngsu (??), Ahnyi (??) and other cities of China. His =
main job was to uncover spies in the border areas.
In April 1941, Kim engineered the arrest of Wang Gunlai (???), the =
Chinese spy master in North Hungan Province (????). Kim disguised =
himself as a beggar and managed to get a job at Wang's residence. Wang =
operated a department store as a cover and Kim Chang Ryong became his =
delivery man, an ideal way to track down Wang's contacts. Kim had =
himself arrested seven times by the Japanese police in order to obtain =
Wang's trust to the degree that Wang accepted him as one of his own. =
Thanks to Kim's hard work, the Japanese military force were able to =
apprehend some 50 agents from the Soviet Union and captured 9 wireless =
transmitters=20
Staying out in sub-zero freezing weather on a lookout did not bother =
Kim. He managed to smash more than 50 anti-Japanese groups. His grateful =
Japanese masters rewarded him by making a police corporal, an =
unprecedented honor to a Korean. Unfortunately form Kim, Japan's =
fortune turned sour in 1945 fast. The Soviet Red Army, which was =
preoccupied in Europe until then, turned its attention to the Japanese =
in China. The Soviets declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945 and =
invaded China en masse. At about the same time, the Americans dropped =
atomic bombs. Hirohito's days were numbered.
?Beneficiary of Korea's Division
As the Red Army rolled into Tongwha (??), Hirohito capitulated, upon =
which Kim Chang Ryong's militart police unit was disbanded. Kim Chang =
Ryong discarded his police uniform and managed to return home disguised =
as a refugee. He did bring his Japanese samurai sword as a memento. A =
refugee with a sword sent a warning signal to the local security police. =
He was arrested for being a suspicious person and spent seven days in a =
jail. However, he was released and soon, he married a local woman =
(???)of his home village. Kim was 29 years old at the time.
He constantly feared being uncovered and he could earn barely enough =
money to feed himself. In the Fall of 1945, Kim paid a visit to Kim Yun =
Won (???) in Chulwon. The latter worked for Kim Chang Ryong as an =
informant in China and Chang Ryong figured that his former assistant =
would help him out. However, Kim Yun Won exposed his former boss and =
thus, Kim Chang Ryong was arrested, tried and sentenced to death for =
anti-Korean deeds.
On November 15 of that year, Kim Chang Ryong jumped off the truck =
carrying him to the Hamhung prison for execution. He roamed the =
mountains for three days in freezing weather and managed to reach a =
relative's house in Younghung. There he spent several months =
recuperating from the wounds he received during the escape. He was =
waiting for an opportune moment to escape to South Korea. However, he =
was discovered and arrested again by the local police. Due to =
communication problems, the local police was not informed of Kim's true =
identity and were unaware that they had one of the most wanted war =
criminals in their hands.
Later, Kim Chang Ryong claimed that his maternal uncle Kim Young Jo =
(???), the local police chief, was the one who fingered him. However, =
the truth is that he was over-heard saying - "Let's kill the Soviets and =
their puppets - let's kill them all and their seeds", and the police was =
duly informed of this anti-Soviet. On April 11, 1946, he was tried, =
convicted and sentence to die for war crimes - all over again - at =
Jungpyong. Once again, Lady Luck smiled at him: his Soviet guard fell =
asleep and Kim knocked him out with a chair and escaped. He traveled to =
Pyongyang where he found safety with his wife's relatives.=20
After having been sentenced to die thanks to his own relatives, Kim =
realized that North Korea was no place for him; he could not trust =
anyone - not even his own kin. He began his journey to freedom and his =
'long yearned for Motherland". He walked through Namchun (??), Gumgok =
(??) and climbed over Mount Songak and finally, reached the safety of =
South Korea.
It is doubtful that his 'ordeals' in North Korea were factual. The Kim =
Chang Ryong story has not been independently corroborated. He needed =
some colorful stories to buy Rhee Syngman's trust. =20
?I will do anything to eradicate Communists
Kim arrived at Seoul in May 1946 and lived the life of a beggar, since =
he had no contacts in that city. One day, he ran into Park Gi Young =
(???), a close friend from his days in China. Park was lieutenant in the =
Constabulary and worked at the Headquarters. Kim told Park about his =
narrow escapes in North Korea and said he would do anything to go after =
the communists to revenge for his tribulations.=20
Park told Kim that he would be welcome at the police or the army, and =
Kim chose to join the army because he believed the army would someday =
liberate North Korea from the Soviets. Park recommended Kim Chang =
Ryong to Gen. Won Young Duk, who had Kim accepted into the newly formed =
5th Regiment in Pusan under Baik Sun Yup. =20
KIm Chang Ryong wanted to enter the officers training school, but he =
could get the regimental recommendation. The regiment's deputy in charge =
of personnel, Lt. Baik Nam Gwon (???), a former student volunteer for =
Hirohito, thought that Kim's past record of being a Japanese military =
police disqualified for an officer of the Korean army. Kim Chang Ryong =
was offended and left the regiment.
Kim returned to Seoul looking for his friend, Park Gi Young, but Park =
was no longer in Seoul - je had been transferred to the 3rd Regiment in =
I-ri. At that time, Maj. Kim Baik Il (???) commanded the regiment and =
Capt. Kim Jong Oh (???) was in charge of personnel. Kim Chang Ryong =
went to I-ri and promptly was assigned to G-2 (intelligence) under Capt. =
Oh Il Gyun. In those days, leftists held many key positions in the army. =
Cpl. Kim Chang Ryong accused Capt. Oh of being a leftist and Oh was =
transferred to the officers training school. With Capt. Oh out of the =
way, Kim Chang Ryong was free to hunt for leftists. He planted =
informants everywhere and made his own hit list.
Capt. Kim Jong Oh agreed to recommend Cpl. Kim Chang Ryong for the 3rd =
class of the officers training school. Cpl. Kim passed the entrance exam =
and enrolled in the school on January 13, 1947. After completing the =
95-day curriculum, he was commissioned a lieutenant on April 19. The =
3rd class was a mix of leftists and rightists. Later these officers =
fought each other. The Yosu mutiny of October 1948 was led by Lt. Kim =
Ji How (???) and Lt. Hong Soon Suk (???), both members of the Class 3, =
and most of the royal field officers were their classmates.
?The Kim Do Young Saga
Kim Chang Ryong's one-track crusade against communism had more to do a =
personal vendetta than any ideology. He was out to even the score no =
matter what and used every guile, deception and means to satisfy his =
pathological animosity towards Korean communists and leftists. In fact, =
he used his power to get even with anyone - anti-communists included - =
who had stepped on his toes. His vendetta against Kim Do Young is a case =
in point.
Kim Do Young was a corporal in the Japanese army before liberation and =
commanded a squad (the 3rd Regiment) in the Korean army. One day, Kim =
Do Young ordered Kim Chang Ryong to report to him as soon as Chang Ryong =
had completed his evening round, but Kim Chang Ryong disobeyed the =
order, whereupon the angry squad leader struck Chang Ryong several times =
with a stick and reprimanded him. Some weeks later, Kim Chang Ryong was =
commission and became an intelligence officer.=20
Three years later in 1949, Kim Do Young commanded a battalion (the 6th =
Regiment) on Cheju trying to put down the April 3rd Uprising that began =
in 1948. Kim Chang Ryong had Do Young arrested on suspicion of being a =
rebel sympathizer and consequently, Do Young was arrested, tortured and =
imprisoned for six months. Eventually, he was cleared of any wrong doing =
and regained his command.
During the Korean War, Kim Do Young was deputy commanded of the Pusan =
military training camp. At about the same time, Kim Chang Ryong =
commanded \the Pusan security command. Kim Chang Ryong renewed his =
attack on Do Young. When they met in Pusan, Chang Ryong sneered - "Why =
aren't you with the enemy?", whereupon, Young Do pulled out his pistol =
and was about to shoot his tormentor, Their associated intervened and =
go the two sworn enemies separated.
In 1954, soon after the armistice, Kim Chang Ryong had Young Do arrested =
again. Young Do commanded a military training camp in Nonsan at the =
time. Chang Ryong claimed that Young Do planning to stage a coup with =
his students and that Sin Ik Hee, a prominent political opponent of Rhee =
was behind the alleged coup attempt. Young Do was tortured for four =
months but he persisted in denying the charges. Once again, Young Do was =
released. Although the charges against him were dropped, his chance of =
becoming a general was ruined. For two years, until Kim Chang Ryong was =
killed, Young Do went without any command job.
This was how Kim Chang Ryong abused his authority to gratify his =
pathological vendetta against anyone stood in his sick way. He had Rhee =
Syngman's unswerving support and wielded enormous power second only to =
Rhee himself.
?A Necessary Evil in a Transition Period
In time, Kim Chang Ryong's personal crusade against communism became =
more and more psychotic. He was betrayed twice by the people he thought =
he could trust and apparently because this bitter trauma, he trusted no =
one and did everything by himself. People suspected of leftist ideology =
was immediately arrested and tortured until they "confessed'. It got to =
the point that he became physically agitated by anything red - women in =
red skirts, people selling or eating red peppers aroused his suspicious =
mind. To his sick mind, anything red was associated with communism. He =
had a severe case of red-phobia.
In the aftermath of the 1948 Yosu-Sunchon army mutiny, the 1st Regiment =
stationed at Taerung began a red hunt on its own initiative. The man in =
charge of this man hunt was none other than Kim Chang Ryong. Major Lee =
Sung Gah commanded the regiment at the time. Lee made Kim Chang Ryong =
his intelligence aide. Chang Ryong formed a special unit made of former =
Japanese policemen and military policemen. They were instrumental in =
smoking out leftists officers and soldiers of the regiment. Later these =
men formed the counter intelligence corps (CIC). =20
There were forces critical of Kim Chang Ryong. The commander-in-chief =
of the Constabulary, Gen. Song Ho Sung (???), took note of the fact that =
Kim Chang Ryiong worked for the Japanese military police and purged =
countless patriots. Gen. Song ordered his chief legal officer, Capt. Kim =
Wan Ryong (???) to investigate Kim Chang Ryong's past and get rid of =
him. There were letters of protests against Kim Chang Ryong's excesses =
as well. Some people wondered how this notorious Japanese collaborator =
managed to acquire so much power in liberated Korea. At the time, Kim =
Chang Ryong was after leftist officers such as Lee Byong Wi, Kim Jong =
Suk (???), Choe Nam Gun (???), Kim Ji Hoe, Oh Il Gyun and many others.
Gen. Song's order was deep-sixed by Kim Chang Ryong's superiors on the =
excuse that Kim Chang Ryong was needed. They had him swear loyalty to =
Korea and dropped the case. Later, Gen. Song Ho Sung himself was =
mustered out of the army thanks to Kim Chang Ryong.
? Red Hunts and Prominence
The Yosu-Sunchun army mutiny triggered a nation-wide manhunt for =
communists and leftists in the army, and Kim Chang Ryong led the way. =
The division of Korea had saved him from certain death for his treachery =
and the army mutiny ensured his prominence. The army chief-of-staff, Lee =
Ung Joon, was given a list of communists and leftists in the army =
compiled by the Japanese police. The list was to Rhee Syngman and Rhee =
gave a copy to Lee and told him to take care of them. Accordingly, Lee =
ordered Sin Chang Sul, the military police chief, and Lt. Col. Baik Sung =
Yup, the intelligence head, to check it out. =20
The task of checking out the people on the list fell on Kim Chang Ryong =
and Major Kim Ahn Il (???). They set up an "army purification HQ" within =
the army HQ in Seoul. The military police was given the job of arresting =
the suspects, who were interrogated by Kim Chang Ryong and his staff of =
30, recruited from the 8th graduating class of the officers training =
school. They received instructions on intelligence from American =
advisors and formed the core of the Korean CIC - counter intelligence =
corps. =20
Kim Chang Ryong interrogated more than 3,000 captured rebels of the =
Yosu-Sunchun mutiny and found 150 members of the Labor (Communist) Party =
of South Korea. For this feat, he was promoted to the rank of captain =
on August 15, 1948 and barely 70 days later on November 5, 1948, to =
major - an unprecedented fast track for a Japanese corporal. Until that =
time, his anti-red crusade was confined to the 1st Regiment, but with =
his promotion, his mandate extended to the whole army.
By the Spring of 1949, the red hunts in the army wound down. Several =
hundred officers and soldiers were arrested and housed in a warehouse =
awaiting to be tortured by Kim's men. In May 1949, two battalions of the =
army mutinied and defected to North Korea, which rekindled the red hunts =
all over again. The army was in a turmoil. In addition to Kim's =
army-wide red hunts, regional commands conducted their own local red =
hunts. Gen. Lee Woon Joon (???) was relieved and Chae Byong Duk became =
the army chief-of-staff. =20
By the time the nation-wide red hunts completed, in July 1949, 4,749 =
soldiers and officers of the army, about 5% of the army strength, were =
had been purged.
?Evil Deeds in the Name of 'Army Purification'
The 'purification' process saw many innocent lives ruined and countless =
barbaric acts committed by Kim Chang Ryong and his men. Sin Sang Chul =
commanded the military police at the time and recollects as follows:=20
"Our most urgent mission was to complete the purification process as =
soon as possible. We had no clear evidence against the accused and =
therefore, we had to wring out confessions with physical tortures. Those =
with proper connections were spared the hardship - if you know so and =
so, and if they swear for your innocence, you can leave". Many innocent =
people were falsely arrested and tortured on account of the fact their =
names sounded like those on the black list. They had the same or similar =
names but wrong people. Suspects were tortured until they named names, =
and many did so, just any names, because they could stand the torture.
There were numerous excesses. For example, Kim Chang Ryong arrested 40 =
members of the Air Force, which was being formed at the time. Almost the =
entire Air Force officers and servicemen were arrested. One of the =
arrested was Lt. Park Won Suk, later to become the Air Force commander =
in 1965. Col. Kim Jung Ryul (???) knew Lt. Park well and vouched for =
him. Kim Chang Ryong told the colonel that he had no hard evidence =
against Park but he the hunch that Park might become a leftist in the =
future.
Kim Chang Ryong's power was so unlimited and no one was exempt from his =
fury. Lee Ung Gi, a judge, thought it strange that a group of special =
forces troops of several hundred had singed confessions that were more =
or less identical. Lee looked into this strange case on his dock and =
found that the men were arrested by Kim Chang Ryong merely for the fact =
that they sang a communist song. It turned out that the special forces =
men. mostly from North Korea, were partying at a bar. They got drunk and =
sang songs. One of the men was asked to sing a song by his commander, =
but he demurred saying the only songs he knew were North Korean. The =
officer told him to sing it anyways. Unfortunately, an informant heard =
it and called in Kim Chang Ryong. Kim rushed there with his troops and =
arrested the merry-makers. They were tortured to name names and they =
did - they named other members of the special forces unit. Judge Lee =
Ung Gi could not believe his eyes and ordered the men release at once. =
Kim Chang Ryong protested and threatened the judge himself: "You are a =
communist and you will be the next". Lee feared for his life for months =
after this. =20
In late September 1949, Goh Hee Du (???, 47 years old at the time), a =
prominent businessman in Seoul was tortured to death by Kim Chang =
Ryong's men. Goh had influential friends and the perpetrator, Doh Jin =
Hee was arrested and sentenced to 9 years in prison for Goh's death and =
Kim Chang Ryong was relieved of his command (of the CIC). Doh was =
released from prison at the outbreak of the Korean War, which had not =
only restored Kim Chang Ryong's power, but amplified it many-fold during =
and after the War. Rhee Syngman maintained his one-man rule in the name =
of anti-communism and relied on thugs like Kim Chang Ryong to eliminate =
his opponents. But Kim had made too many enemies and his days were =
numbered.
?Did Kim Chang Ryong Order Kim Gu's Murder?
On June 26, 1949, Kim Gu, the most revered nationalist leader, was =
killed by Lt. Ahn Doo Hee. On April 13, 1992, Dongah Ilbo published an =
alleged confession of Ahn Doo Hee, the convicted assassin of Kim Gu. Ahn =
claimed that Kim Chang Ryiong ordered Kim Gu's assassination. Who was =
behind Arh Doo Hee? Is it true that Kim Chang Ryong was the mastermind? =
Surprisingly, few people in Korea knew who this Kim Chang Ryong =
character was.=20
Ahn claimed that he met Kim Chang Ryong at the Continental Trading, a =
CIC front, located in front of Hotel Korea. The two of them met alone in =
Kim's private office and planned Kim Gu's murder. Capt. Kim Chang Ryong =
headed the G-2 section of the 1st Regiment and frequented the CIC front =
office. It was Kim Chang Ryong who hijacked Ahn Doo Hee from the =
military police after Kim Gu was shot (Ahn was arrested on the spot).=20
Kim Chang Ryong treated Ahn like a royalty and made sure that his charge =
had enough to eat and a comfortable place to sleep. Arh was tried and =
sentenced to life in prison. He maintained that he acted alone, and the =
police bought his story. Ahn's sentence was reduced to 15 years in jail. =
Even that, Ahn did not serve: when the Korean War broke out, Kim Chang =
Ryong rushed to the prison and released Ahn and Doh Jin Hoe (in prison =
for the torture-murder of Goh Hee Du). In July 1950, Arn was reinstated =
and promoted to colonel by the time he was discharged from the army in =
1953. Kim Chang Ryong was behind Ahn's spectacular rescue.
?One Day, in the Morning, Three Shots
Kim was promoted to colonel soon after the war broke out and was in =
charge of security for the Gyongnam region. After the Inchon landing, he =
commanded a joint security command of police and military and wielded =
life and death power over anyone who was opposed to, or even suspected =
to oppose tp, Rhee's dictatorship. The National Assembly declared Kim's =
organization illegal and it was disbanded in May 1951. Kim Chang Ryong =
moved on to head the Korean CIC and continued his service to protect =
Rhee's personal fiefdom. Rhee appreciated his dedication and promoted =
him to brigadier in 1953 and major general in 1955. Thus a corporal in =
the Japanese army in 1945, became a major general in South Korea - in =
ten years.
In the early morning of January 30, 1956, Kim Chang Ryong, on the way to =
his office, was shot three times by two assassins less than 100 meters =
from his home in Yongsan, Seoul. He died instantly. Kim was Rhee =
Syngman's most trusted henchman and Rhee went into a frenzy and order an =
all-out investigation into this affair. =20
In less than a month, the assassins were arrested on February 23 by CIC =
investigators. Col. Huh Tae Young (???, 37), commander of the Seoul =
military region, Col. Lee Jin Young (37), Major Ahn Jung Soo (military =
police, 55, and the CID Unit 12 commander), Lt. Huh Byong Sik (military =
police, 27, Col Huh's brother), Lee Yu Hoe, Sgt, Lee Yu Hoe (Col. Huh's =
driver, drove the getaway car), Song Yong Goh (29, shooter, CIC civilian =
employee), and Sin Cho Sik (31, shooter, CIC civilian employee). They =
were tried for the crime by a special military court. Col. Huh and =
company were former or current members of the CIC, and worked under Kim =
Chang Ryong. The two shooters were current members of the CIC. =20
Col. Huh claimed the responsibility at the court-martial and received a =
death sentence, whereupon his wife stepped forward and disclosed that =
her husband was ordered to commit the crime by his superiors - Lt. Gen. =
Kang Moon Bong (???). commander of the 2nd Army, and Brigadier Gong Guk =
Jin, former commander of the military police. Both generals denied any =
involvement, but they were arrested, tortured and tried. At the =
hearing, Lt. Gen. Kang stated that Kim Chang Ryong was a cancer in the =
army which was eating away the army by causing tension and dissension =
among the officers and men, and indeed, he wanted to cut out this =
cancer. However, he insisted that did not order Col. Huh to kill Kim =
Chang Ryong.
Col. Huh told the court that he had Kim Chang Ryong killed because Kim =
framed senior officers on false charges in order to curry Rhee Syngman's =
favors and also to satiate his insatiable lust for blood. Huh cited the =
case of an assassination plot on the occasion of a commencement ceremony =
of the military academy. There was no such plot - it was concocted by =
Kim Chang Ryong to please Rhee. Kim Chang Ryong spied on senior =
officers of the army and dug up dirt in their private life. =20
After lengthy hearings, lasting for over 2,000 hours, the court found =
all accused guilty as charged. Lt. Gen. Kang was sentenced to die. In =
the appeals court, Col. Huh, Song Yong Goh and Sin Cho Sik were =
received the death sentence and Gen. Kang's death sentence was commuted =
to life in prison. Subsequently, Huh, Sin and Song were executed. Lt. =
Gen. Kang was released and reinstated after the April 19th military coup =
of Gen. Park Jung Hee.
? Kim Chang Ryong's 'Achievements'
? Uncovered a plot to poison officers foods at the 1st Regiment dining =
hall.
? Arrested Lee Byning Ju (???), the first provost martial; arrested =
Lt. Col. Choe Nam Gun (???), commander of the 15th Regiment
? Uncovered Soviet spies in the Soviet legation in Seoul.
? Arrested Lee Jai Bok (???), the military section head, South Korean =
Labor (Communist) Party - SKLP=20
? Arrested Lee Joong (???), the head organizer, SKLP=20
? Arrested Kim Hyong Yuk (???), a secretary of SKLP
? Arrested Kim Soo Im (???), a spy.
? Arrested Kim Sam Ryong (???) and Lee Ju Ha (???), top guerrilla =
commanders=20
? Exposed Gen. Song Ho Sung (???), Supreme commander of the =
Constabulary, as a left sympathizer. Song was fired.
? Arrested Kim Young Sik (???), the military commander, SKLP
? Smashed underground networks of SKLP
? The case of guerrillas disguised as beggars
? Arrested Ahn So Ju (???), the chief SKLP secretary of Gyong-gi =
Province
? Exposed women guerrillas disguised as peddlers
? The case of In Ae Association (???) welcoming North Korean troops =20
=20
?? Kim Chang Ryong's Fake Cases
"The People's Liberation Army": In September 1948, one month prior to =
the Yosu mutiny of the 14th Regiment, Maj. Oh Dong Gi, the regimental =
commander, and other senior officers of the regiment allegedly plotted a =
rebellion. Kim 'uncovered' this plot. Maj Oh served with Chiang =
Kaisek's army in China; he was 50 at the time of his arrest. Oh was =
court-martialed and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Oh insisted that he =
was being framed by Kim Chang Ryong and Chae Byong Duk, both his =
adversaries in the Japanese army during WWII. =20
"The Coffin Case": A group of young men, in funeral outfits, was found =
carrying a coffin and moving toward Taegu. Kim Chang Ryong "found" more =
than 50 carbines in the coffin and arrested the would-be mourners. The =
truth of the matter is that there was no such incident.=20
"The Pusan Mt. Gumjung Guerrilla Case": Kim Chang Ryong promised some =
inmates of the Taegu prison that they would be released if they =
performed a certain task. The prisoners were taken to Mt. Gumjung and =
told to put on guerrilla uniforms. As soon as they donned the uniforms, =
Kim Chang Ryong's men opened fire and kill all of the prisoners. Their =
bodies were displayed and Rhee Syngman decreed a martial law in Pusan. =20
"Jung Guk Un International Espionage": Kim Chang Ryong arrested Jung =
Guk Un on August 31, 1953 and claimed that he was a spy. Jung was a =
noted reporter in South Korea. He was editor of Taeyang sinmun. After =
the paper was shut down, Jung worked for Yonhap until the war broke out, =
when he went to Japan as a foreign correspondent. In Tokyo, he attended =
press meetings and had access to military "secrets". Jung was tried, =
convicted and executed on February 19, 1954.=20
?=20
"The East Sea Coup Plot": Col. Kim Hwa San, chief of personnel of the =
1st Army at Sokcho (Lt. Lee Hyong Gun, commander), plotted to kill Rhee =
Syngman and then take over the government. After killing Rhee, Col. Kim =
was to lead 1,000 troops to Pusan, where Lt. Gen. Kim Jong Pyong was =
waiting to mount a full-scale coup. =20
?=20
"Plot to kill Rhee Syngman": On October 14, 1955, Rhee Syngman =
announced that a plot to kill him was uncovered and the plotters were =
arrested. Among the arrested were a number of leaders of political =
parties opposed to Rhee. The suspects were tried and convicted by a =
military court. It turned out that the alleged gunman, Lee Jong Tae was =
an undercover agent of Kim Chang Ryong. Lee approached Rhee's political =
enemies and volunteered to be the shooter, and the unsuspecting victims =
swallowed the hook. At the trial, the supposed shooter starred as the =
key witness for prosecution. Many of the accused were Kim Gu =
supporters.=20
"The Cotton Cloth Case": In the 1950's, army commanders were permitted =
to use military vehicles for business transactions, proceeds from which =
were supposedly to feed their ill-fed, ill-clothed troops. One =
profitable business was to cut down trees, truck them to cities for fire =
woods. Since the trees were free and the army trucks were paid for by =
the government, this tree business was enormously profitable. Rhee =
Syngman learned of this practice from Kim Chang Ryong and had it stopped =
to the great anger of the army brass. The 'cotton' case came about when =
cotton worth $500,000, intended to cloth the troops, were sold for cash =
in the black market and part of the money went to Rhee's political =
allies. Kim Chang Ryon was the money trail when he was gunned down.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------
Source: http://banmin.or.kr/n_chungsan60/gun/kcr.htm ?? ??? ???? ???? =
??????
?
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<H2 align=3Dcenter><SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #00ffff">Kim Chang =
Ryong:=20
Japanese Military Police to Rhee's CIC Chief</SPAN></H2>
<H4 align=3Dcenter><A =
name=3D"김창룡(金昌龍 =
1916~1956">김창룡 <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">(</FONT>金昌龍 <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">1916~1956</FONT></A><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">)</FONT></H4>
<P align=3Dcenter></P>
<DIV align=3Dcenter>
<CENTER>
<TABLE height=3D214 width=3D176 border=3D1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD width=3D1382 height=3D214>
<P align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><IMG height=3D214 =
=
src=3D"mhtml:mid://00000027/!cid:001301c1ab82$c9f1a6c0$3400a8c0@kimsoft" =
width=3D178 =
border=3D0></FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER></DIV>
<P align=3Dcenter></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT>Striving to become a Japanese <A=20
name=3D"일본 헌병이 되기 =
위한 충성적 활약">Military =
Police</A>man</FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim Chang Ryong was born in 1916 to =
poor peasant=20
family in South Hamgyong Province. By this time Korea became part of =
Japan and=20
Japanese colonialists were bent on subjugating the Korean people. They=20
suppressed Korean nationalism using barbaric methods on one hand and =
held up=20
equality with Japanese on the other hand. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">The Japanese colonialists feared that =
lording=20
over the Korean people would intensify anti-Japan sentiments among the =
Korean=20
people and so they pushed the false notion of "Korea ruled by =
Koreans." =20
They looked for the right kind of Koreans - those who were sold on the =
idea that=20
Koreans would better off being Japanese - and pampered them and =
empowered them=20
to lead the way. Kim Chang Ryong was one of these Korean=20
Quislings. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">After graduating from an agricultural =
vocation=20
school and he got a job at a Japanese factory. He sought after Japanese =
ways of=20
life and socialized exclusively with Japanese coworkers at the =
factory. =20
After two years of hard work, Kim endeared himself the Japanese manager, =
who=20
recommended Kim to a better job - a railway station attendant at =
Jiangchun=20
(</FONT>長春驛<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), =
Manchuria. There he worked hard=20
for the Japanese station master, who got Kim a job =
(</FONT>軍屬<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">) with the Japanese military police in North =
Chine - this=20
was Kim's dream come true: Imagine a Korean with the Japanese =
Military=20
Police! He worked at his job of a police aid with due diligence =
and his=20
dedication was recognized by the Japanese and, at last in 1940, Kim was =
sent to=20
the Kwangtung military police training center and became a bona fide =
military=20
police He was 25 years old at the time.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">The sooner he came a military =
policeman, Kim was=20
transformed into an ardent anti-Korean. He was out to show to his =
Japanese=20
masters that he was not longer a Korean but a true-blood servant =
of the=20
Emperor. His duty was to go undercover and ferret out anti-Japanese =
elements in=20
China. His detective work took him to Nanjing =
(</FONT>南京<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), Muchiang (</FONT>武昌<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">),=20
Hankao (</FONT>漢口<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), Youngsu =
(</FONT>永修<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), Ahnyi (</FONT>安義<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">) and=20
other cities of China. His main job was to uncover spies in the border=20
areas.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In April 1941, Kim engineered the =
arrest of Wang=20
Gunlai (</FONT>王近禮<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), =
the Chinese spy master in=20
North Hungan Province =
(</FONT>興安北省<FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">). =20
Kim disguised himself as a beggar and managed to get a job at Wang's=20
residence. Wang operated a department store as a cover and Kim =
Chang Ryong=20
became his delivery man, an ideal way to track down Wang's =
contacts. Kim=20
had himself arrested seven times by the Japanese police in order to =
obtain=20
Wang's trust to the degree that Wang accepted him as one of his =
own. =20
Thanks to Kim's hard work, the Japanese military force were able to =
apprehend=20
some 50 agents from the Soviet Union and captured 9 wireless=20
transmitters </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Staying out in sub-zero freezing =
weather on a=20
lookout did not bother Kim. He managed to smash more than 50 =
anti-Japanese=20
groups. His grateful Japanese masters rewarded him by making a police =
corporal,=20
an unprecedented honor to a Korean. Unfortunately form Kim, =
Japan's=20
fortune turned sour in 1945 fast. The Soviet Red Army, which was =
preoccupied in=20
Europe until then, turned its attention to the Japanese in China. The =
Soviets=20
declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945 and invaded China en masse. At =
about the=20
same time, the Americans dropped atomic bombs. Hirohito's =
days were=20
numbered.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A>Beneficiary <A =
name=3D"분단의 비극 =
속에서 살길을 얻다">of =
Korea's=20
Division</A></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">As the Red Army rolled into Tongwha=20
(</FONT>通化<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), Hirohito =
capitulated, upon which Kim=20
Chang Ryong's militart police unit was disbanded. Kim Chang Ryong=20
discarded his police uniform and managed to return home disguised as a=20
refugee. He did bring his Japanese samurai sword as a memento. A =
refugee=20
with a sword sent a warning signal to the local security police. He was =
arrested=20
for being a suspicious person and spent seven days in a jail. =
However, he=20
was released and soon, he married a local woman =
(</FONT>都相媛<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">)of his home village. Kim was 29 years old at =
the=20
time.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">He constantly feared being uncovered =
and he=20
could earn barely enough money to feed himself. In the Fall of 1945, =
Kim =20
paid a visit to Kim Yun Won (</FONT>金允元<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">) in=20
Chulwon. The latter worked for Kim Chang Ryong as an informant in China =
and=20
Chang Ryong figured that his former assistant would help him out. =
However, Kim=20
Yun Won exposed his former boss and thus, Kim Chang Ryong was arrested, =
tried=20
and sentenced to death for anti-Korean deeds.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">On November 15 of that year, Kim Chang =
Ryong=20
jumped off the truck carrying him to the Hamhung prison for =
execution. He=20
roamed the mountains for three days in freezing weather and managed to =
reach a=20
relative's house in Younghung. There he spent several months =
recuperating=20
from the wounds he received during the escape. He was waiting for =
an=20
opportune moment to escape to South Korea. However, he was =
discovered and=20
arrested again by the local police. Due to communication problems, =
the=20
local police was not informed of Kim's true identity and were unaware =
that they=20
had one of the most wanted war criminals in their hands.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Later, Kim Chang Ryong claimed that =
his maternal=20
uncle Kim Young Jo (</FONT>金榮助<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">), the local=20
police chief, was the one who fingered him. However, the truth is =
that he=20
was over-heard saying - "Let's kill the Soviets and their puppets - =
let's kill=20
them all and their seeds", and the police was duly informed of this=20
anti-Soviet. On April 11, 1946, he was tried, convicted and =
sentence=20
to die for war crimes - all over again - at Jungpyong. Once again, =
Lady=20
Luck smiled at him: his Soviet guard fell asleep and Kim knocked him out =
with a=20
chair and escaped. He traveled to Pyongyang where he found safety =
with his=20
wife's relatives. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">After having been sentenced to die =
thanks to his=20
own relatives, Kim realized that North Korea was no place for him; he =
could not=20
trust anyone - not even his own kin. He began his journey to =
freedom and=20
his 'long yearned for Motherland". He walked through Namchun =
(</FONT>南川<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), Gumgok (</FONT>金谷<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">) and=20
climbed over Mount Songak and finally, reached the safety of South=20
Korea.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">It is doubtful that his 'ordeals' in =
North Korea=20
were factual. The Kim Chang Ryong story has not been independently =
corroborated. He needed some colorful stories to buy Rhee Syngman's=20
trust. </FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><A name=3D약력><FONT =
color=3D#004b97><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">●</FONT></FONT></A><FONT face=3D"Times =
New Roman">I will do=20
anything to eradicate <A name=3D"공산당 =
잡는 일이라면 =
무엇이든지 =
하겠다">Communists</A></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim arrived at Seoul in May 1946 and =
lived the=20
life of a beggar, since he had no contacts in that city. One day, =
he ran=20
into Park Gi Young (</FONT>朴基炳<FONT face=3D"Times =
New Roman">), a close friend=20
from his days in China. Park was lieutenant in the Constabulary and =
worked at=20
the Headquarters. Kim told Park about his narrow escapes in North =
Korea=20
and said he would do anything to go after the communists to revenge for =
his=20
tribulations. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Park told Kim that he would be welcome =
at the=20
police or the army, and Kim chose to join the army because he believed =
the army=20
would someday liberate North Korea from the Soviets. Park=20
recommended Kim Chang Ryong to Gen. Won Young Duk, who had Kim accepted =
into the=20
newly formed 5th Regiment in Pusan under Baik Sun=20
Yup. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">KIm Chang Ryong wanted to enter the =
officers=20
training school, but he could get the regimental recommendation. The =
regiment's=20
deputy in charge of personnel, Lt. Baik Nam Gwon =
(</FONT>白南權<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), a former student volunteer for Hirohito, =
thought that=20
Kim's past record of being a Japanese military police disqualified for =
an=20
officer of the Korean army. Kim Chang Ryong was offended and left =
the=20
regiment.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim returned to Seoul looking for his =
friend,=20
Park Gi Young, but Park was no longer in Seoul - je had been transferred =
to the=20
3rd Regiment in I-ri. At that time, Maj. Kim Baik Il =
(</FONT>金白一<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">) commanded the regiment and Capt. Kim Jong Oh=20
(</FONT>金鐘五<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">) was in =
charge of personnel. Kim=20
Chang Ryong went to I-ri and promptly was assigned to G-2 (intelligence) =
under=20
Capt. Oh Il Gyun. In those days, leftists held many key positions in the =
army. Cpl. Kim Chang Ryong accused Capt. Oh of being a leftist and =
Oh was=20
transferred to the officers training school. With Capt. Oh out of the =
way, Kim=20
Chang Ryong was free to hunt for leftists. He planted =
informants=20
everywhere and made his own hit list.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Capt. Kim Jong Oh agreed to recommend =
Cpl. Kim=20
Chang Ryong for the 3rd class of the officers training school. Cpl. Kim =
passed=20
the entrance exam and enrolled in the school on January 13, 1947. After=20
completing the 95-day curriculum, he was commissioned a lieutenant on =
April=20
19. The 3rd class was a mix of leftists and rightists. Later these =
officers fought each other. The Yosu mutiny of October 1948 was =
led by Lt.=20
Kim Ji How (</FONT>金智會<FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">) and Lt. Hong Soon Suk=20
(</FONT>洪淳錫<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), both =
members of the Class 3, and most=20
of the royal field officers were their classmates.</FONT></P>
<H2 style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; WORD-SPACING: 0px" align=3Dcenter><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><A name=3D약력><FONT =
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A>The Kim Do=20
Young Saga</FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim Chang Ryong's one-track crusade =
against=20
communism had more to do a personal vendetta than any ideology. He was =
out to=20
even the score no matter what and used every guile, deception and means =
to=20
satisfy his pathological animosity towards Korean communists and =
leftists. =20
In fact, he used his power to get even with anyone - anti-communists =
included -=20
who had stepped on his toes. His vendetta against Kim Do Young is a case =
in=20
point.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim Do Young was a corporal in the =
Japanese army=20
before liberation and commanded a squad (the 3rd Regiment) in the Korean =
army. One day, Kim Do Young ordered Kim Chang Ryong to report to =
him as=20
soon as Chang Ryong had completed his evening round, but Kim Chang Ryong =
disobeyed the order, whereupon the angry squad leader struck Chang Ryong =
several=20
times with a stick and reprimanded him. Some weeks later, Kim Chang =
Ryong was=20
commission and became an intelligence officer. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Three years later in 1949, Kim Do =
Young=20
commanded a battalion (the 6th Regiment) on Cheju trying to put down the =
April=20
3rd Uprising that began in 1948. Kim Chang Ryong had Do Young =
arrested on=20
suspicion of being a rebel sympathizer and consequently, Do Young was =
arrested,=20
tortured and imprisoned for six months. Eventually, he was cleared of =
any wrong=20
doing and regained his command.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">During the Korean War, Kim Do Young =
was deputy=20
commanded of the Pusan military training camp. At about the same time, =
Kim Chang=20
Ryong commanded \the Pusan security command. Kim Chang Ryong =
renewed his=20
attack on Do Young. When they met in Pusan, Chang Ryong sneered - =
"Why=20
aren't you with the enemy?", whereupon, Young Do pulled out his pistol =
and was=20
about to shoot his tormentor, Their associated intervened and go =
the two=20
sworn enemies separated.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In 1954, soon after the armistice, Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong had Young Do arrested again. Young Do commanded a military =
training camp=20
in Nonsan at the time. Chang Ryong claimed that Young Do planning to =
stage a=20
coup with his students and that Sin Ik Hee, a prominent political =
opponent of=20
Rhee was behind the alleged coup attempt. Young Do was tortured for four =
months=20
but he persisted in denying the charges. Once again, Young Do was=20
released. Although the charges against him were dropped, his =
chance of=20
becoming a general was ruined. For two years, until Kim Chang Ryong was =
killed,=20
Young Do went without any command job.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">This was how Kim Chang Ryong abused =
his=20
authority to gratify his pathological vendetta against anyone stood in =
his sick=20
way. He had Rhee Syngman's unswerving support and wielded enormous =
power=20
second only to Rhee himself.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A><FONT color=3D#004b97>A Necessary Evil =
in a Transition=20
Period</FONT></FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In time, Kim Chang Ryong's personal =
crusade=20
against communism became more and more psychotic. He was betrayed twice =
by the=20
people he thought he could trust and apparently because this bitter =
trauma, he=20
trusted no one and did everything by himself. People suspected of =
leftist=20
ideology was immediately arrested and tortured until they "confessed'. =
It got to=20
the point that he became physically agitated by anything red - women in =
red=20
skirts, people selling or eating red peppers aroused his suspicious =
mind. To his=20
sick mind, anything red was associated with communism. He had a severe =
case of=20
red-phobia.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In the aftermath of the 1948 =
Yosu-Sunchon army=20
mutiny, the 1st Regiment stationed at Taerung began a red hunt on its =
own=20
initiative. The man in charge of this man hunt was none other than =
Kim=20
Chang Ryong. Major Lee Sung Gah commanded the regiment at the =
time. Lee=20
made Kim Chang Ryong his intelligence aide. Chang Ryong formed a special =
unit=20
made of former Japanese policemen and military policemen. They were =
instrumental=20
in smoking out leftists officers and soldiers of the regiment. =
Later these=20
men formed the counter intelligence corps (CIC). </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">There were forces critical of Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong. The commander-in-chief of the Constabulary, Gen. Song Ho =
Sung=20
(</FONT>宋虎聲<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), took =
note of the fact that Kim Chang=20
Ryiong worked for the Japanese military police and purged countless =
patriots.=20
Gen. Song ordered his chief legal officer, Capt. Kim Wan Ryong =
(</FONT>金完龍<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">) to investigate Kim Chang Ryong's past and get =
rid of=20
him. There were letters of protests against Kim Chang Ryong's =
excesses as=20
well. Some people wondered how this notorious Japanese =
collaborator=20
managed to acquire so much power in liberated Korea. At the time, =
Kim=20
Chang Ryong was after leftist officers such as Lee Byong Wi, Kim Jong =
Suk=20
(</FONT>金鐘碩<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), Choe =
Nam Gun (</FONT>崔楠根<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), Kim Ji Hoe, Oh Il Gyun and many =
others.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Gen. Song's order was deep-sixed by =
Kim Chang=20
Ryong's superiors on the excuse that Kim Chang Ryong was needed. =
They had=20
him swear loyalty to Korea and dropped the case. Later, Gen. =
Song Ho=20
Sung himself was mustered out of the army thanks to Kim Chang =
Ryong.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A> Red Hunts and Prominence</FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">The Yosu-Sunchun army mutiny triggered =
a=20
nation-wide manhunt for communists and leftists in the army, and Kim =
Chang Ryong=20
led the way. The division of Korea had saved him from certain =
death for=20
his treachery and the army mutiny ensured his prominence. The army=20
chief-of-staff, Lee Ung Joon, was given a list of communists and =
leftists in the=20
army compiled by the Japanese police. The list was to Rhee Syngman and =
Rhee gave=20
a copy to Lee and told him to take care of them. Accordingly, Lee =
ordered=20
Sin Chang Sul, the military police chief, and Lt. Col. Baik Sung Yup, =
the=20
intelligence head, to check it out. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">The task of checking out the people on =
the list=20
fell on Kim Chang Ryong and Major Kim Ahn Il =
(</FONT>金安一<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">). They set up an "army purification HQ" within =
the army=20
HQ in Seoul. The military police was given the job of arresting the =
suspects,=20
who were interrogated by Kim Chang Ryong and his staff of 30, recruited =
from the=20
8th graduating class of the officers training school. They received =
instructions=20
on intelligence from American advisors and formed the core of the Korean =
CIC -=20
counter intelligence corps. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim Chang Ryong interrogated more than =
3,000=20
captured rebels of the Yosu-Sunchun mutiny and found 150 members of the =
Labor=20
(Communist) Party of South Korea. For this feat, he was promoted =
to the=20
rank of captain on August 15, 1948 and barely 70 days later on November =
5, 1948,=20
to major - an unprecedented fast track for a Japanese corporal. Until =
that time,=20
his anti-red crusade was confined to the 1st Regiment, but with his =
promotion,=20
his mandate extended to the whole army.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">By the Spring of 1949, the red hunts =
in the army=20
wound down. Several hundred officers and soldiers were arrested and =
housed in a=20
warehouse awaiting to be tortured by Kim's men. In May 1949, two =
battalions of=20
the army mutinied and defected to North Korea, which rekindled the red =
hunts all=20
over again. The army was in a turmoil. In addition to Kim's=20
army-wide red hunts, regional commands conducted their own local red=20
hunts. Gen. Lee Woon Joon (</FONT>李應俊<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">) was=20
relieved and Chae Byong Duk became the army=20
chief-of-staff. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">By the time the nation-wide red hunts =
completed,=20
in July 1949, 4,749 soldiers and officers of the army, about 5% of the =
army=20
strength, were had been purged.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A>Evil Deeds in the Name of 'Army=20
Purification'</FONT></H2>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">The 'purification' process saw many =
innocent=20
lives ruined and countless barbaric acts committed by Kim Chang Ryong =
and his=20
men. Sin Sang Chul commanded the military police at the time and =
recollects as=20
follows:</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">"Our most urgent mission was to =
complete the=20
purification process as soon as possible. We had no clear evidence =
against the=20
accused and therefore, we had to wring out confessions with physical =
tortures.=20
Those with proper connections were spared the hardship - if you know so =
and so,=20
and if they swear for your innocence, you can leave". Many innocent =
people were=20
falsely arrested and tortured on account of the fact their names sounded =
like=20
those on the black list. They had the same or similar names but wrong=20
people. Suspects were tortured until they named names, and many =
did so,=20
just any names, because they could stand the torture.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">There were numerous excesses. For =
example, Kim=20
Chang Ryong arrested 40 members of the Air Force, which was being formed =
at the=20
time. Almost the entire Air Force officers and servicemen were arrested. =
One of=20
the arrested was Lt. Park Won Suk, later to become the Air Force =
commander in=20
1965. Col. Kim Jung Ryul (</FONT>金貞烈<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">) knew Lt. Park=20
well and vouched for him. Kim Chang Ryong told the colonel that he had =
no hard=20
evidence against Park but he the hunch that Park might become a leftist =
in the=20
future.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim Chang Ryong's power was so =
unlimited and no=20
one was exempt from his fury. Lee Ung Gi, a judge, thought it strange =
that a=20
group of special forces troops of several hundred had singed confessions =
that=20
were more or less identical. Lee looked into this strange case on his =
dock and=20
found that the men were arrested by Kim Chang Ryong merely for the fact =
that=20
they sang a communist song. It turned out that the special forces men. =
mostly=20
from North Korea, were partying at a bar. They got drunk and sang =
songs. =20
One of the men was asked to sing a song by his commander, but he =
demurred saying=20
the only songs he knew were North Korean. The officer told him to =
sing it=20
anyways. Unfortunately, an informant heard it and called in Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong. Kim rushed there with his troops and arrested the=20
merry-makers. They were tortured to name names and they did - they =
named=20
other members of the special forces unit. Judge Lee Ung Gi could =
not=20
believe his eyes and ordered the men release at once. Kim Chang =
Ryong=20
protested and threatened the judge himself: "You are a communist and you =
will be=20
the next". Lee feared for his life for months after=20
this. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In late September 1949, Goh Hee Du=20
(</FONT>高羲斗<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">, 47 =
years old at the time), a prominent=20
businessman in Seoul was tortured to death by Kim Chang Ryong's =
men. Goh=20
had influential friends and the perpetrator, Doh Jin Hee was arrested =
and=20
sentenced to 9 years in prison for Goh's death and Kim Chang Ryong was =
relieved=20
of his command (of the CIC). Doh was released from prison at the =
outbreak=20
of the Korean War, which had not only restored Kim Chang Ryong's power, =
but=20
amplified it many-fold during and after the War. Rhee Syngman maintained =
his=20
one-man rule in the name of anti-communism and relied on thugs like Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong to eliminate his opponents. But Kim had made too many =
enemies and=20
his days were numbered.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A><FONT color=3D#004b97>Did Kim Chang =
Ryong Order Kim Gu's=20
Murder?</FONT></FONT></H2><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">On June 26, =
1949, Kim Gu,=20
the most revered nationalist leader, was killed by Lt. Ahn Doo Hee. On =
April 13,=20
1992, Dongah Ilbo published an alleged confession of Ahn Doo Hee, the =
convicted=20
assassin of Kim Gu. Ahn claimed that Kim Chang Ryiong ordered Kim Gu's=20
assassination. Who was behind Arh Doo Hee? Is it true that Kim =
Chang Ryong=20
was the mastermind? Surprisingly, few people in Korea knew who this Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong character was.</FONT>=20
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Ahn claimed that he met Kim Chang =
Ryong at the=20
Continental Trading, a CIC front, located in front of Hotel Korea. The =
two of=20
them met alone in Kim's private office and planned Kim Gu's murder. =
Capt. Kim=20
Chang Ryong headed the G-2 section of the 1st Regiment and frequented =
the CIC=20
front office. It was Kim Chang Ryong who hijacked Ahn Doo Hee from the =
military=20
police after Kim Gu was shot (Ahn was arrested on the =
spot). </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim Chang Ryong treated Ahn like a =
royalty and=20
made sure that his charge had enough to eat and a comfortable place to=20
sleep. Arh was tried and sentenced to life in prison. He =
maintained=20
that he acted alone, and the police bought his story. Ahn's sentence was =
reduced=20
to 15 years in jail. Even that, Ahn did not serve: when the Korean War =
broke=20
out, Kim Chang Ryong rushed to the prison and released Ahn and Doh Jin =
Hoe (in=20
prison for the torture-murder of Goh Hee Du). In July 1950, Arn =
was=20
reinstated and promoted to colonel by the time he was discharged from =
the army=20
in 1953. Kim Chang Ryong was behind Ahn's spectacular =
rescue.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A>One Day, in the Morning, Three =
Shots</FONT></H2>
<P align=3Dleft><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim was promoted to =
colonel soon=20
after the war broke out and was in charge of security for the Gyongnam =
region.=20
After the Inchon landing, he commanded a joint security command of =
police and=20
military and wielded life and death power over anyone who was opposed =
to, or=20
even suspected to oppose tp, Rhee's dictatorship. The National =
Assembly=20
declared Kim's organization illegal and it was disbanded in May =
1951. Kim=20
Chang Ryong moved on to head the Korean CIC and continued his service to =
protect=20
Rhee's personal fiefdom. Rhee appreciated his dedication and promoted =
him to=20
brigadier in 1953 and major general in 1955. Thus a corporal in =
the=20
Japanese army in 1945, became a major general in South Korea - in ten=20
years.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In the early morning of January 30, =
1956, Kim=20
Chang Ryong, on the way to his office, was shot three times by two =
assassins=20
less than 100 meters from his home in Yongsan, Seoul. He died instantly. =
Kim was=20
Rhee Syngman's most trusted henchman and Rhee went into a frenzy and =
order an=20
all-out investigation into this affair. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">In less than a month, the assassins =
were=20
arrested on February 23 by CIC investigators. Col. Huh Tae Young=20
(</FONT>許泰榮<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">, 37), =
commander of the Seoul military=20
region, Col. Lee Jin Young (37), Major Ahn Jung Soo (military police, =
55, and=20
the CID Unit 12 commander), Lt. Huh Byong Sik (military police, 27, Col =
Huh's=20
brother), Lee Yu Hoe, Sgt, Lee Yu Hoe (Col. Huh's driver, drove the =
getaway=20
car), Song Yong Goh (29, shooter, CIC civilian employee), and Sin Cho =
Sik (31,=20
shooter, CIC civilian employee). They were tried for the crime by a =
special=20
military court. Col. Huh and company were former or current =
members of the=20
CIC, and worked under Kim Chang Ryong. The two shooters were current =
members of=20
the CIC. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Col. Huh claimed the responsibility at =
the=20
court-martial and received a death sentence, whereupon his wife stepped =
forward=20
and disclosed that her husband was ordered to commit the crime by his =
superiors=20
- Lt. Gen. Kang Moon Bong (</FONT>姜文奉<FONT =
face=3D"Times New Roman">). commander=20
of the 2nd Army, and Brigadier Gong Guk Jin, former commander of the =
military=20
police. Both generals denied any involvement, but they were =
arrested,=20
tortured and tried. At the hearing, Lt. Gen. Kang stated that Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong was a cancer in the army which was eating away the army by causing =
tension=20
and dissension among the officers and men, and indeed, he wanted to cut =
out this=20
cancer. However, he insisted that did not order Col. Huh to kill =
Kim Chang=20
Ryong.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Col. Huh told the court that he had =
Kim Chang=20
Ryong killed because Kim framed senior officers on false charges in =
order to=20
curry Rhee Syngman's favors and also to satiate his insatiable lust for=20
blood. Huh cited the case of an assassination plot on the occasion =
of a=20
commencement ceremony of the military academy. There was no such =
plot - it=20
was concocted by Kim Chang Ryong to please Rhee. Kim Chang Ryong =
spied on=20
senior officers of the army and dug up dirt in their private=20
life. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">After lengthy hearings, lasting for =
over 2,000=20
hours, the court found all accused guilty as charged. Lt. Gen. Kang was=20
sentenced to die. In the appeals court, Col. Huh, Song Yong Goh and Sin =
Cho Sik=20
were received the death sentence and Gen. Kang's death sentence =
was=20
commuted to life in prison. Subsequently, Huh, Sin and Song were =
executed. =20
Lt. Gen. Kang was released and reinstated after the April 19th military =
coup of=20
Gen. Park Jung Hee.</FONT></P>
<H2 align=3Dcenter><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR><A =
name=3D약력><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A><FONT color=3D#004b97> Kim Chang =
Ryong's=20
'Achievements'</FONT></FONT></H2>
<DL>
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Uncovered a plot to poison officers foods at =
the 1st=20
Regiment dining hall.<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">Arrested Lee=20
Byning Ju (</FONT>李炳周<FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">), the first provost=20
martial; arrested Lt. Col. Choe Nam Gun =
(</FONT>崔楠根<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), commander of the 15th =
Regiment<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Uncovered Soviet spies in the Soviet legation =
in=20
Seoul.<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Arrested Lee =
Jai Bok=20
(</FONT>李在福<FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">), the =
military section head, South=20
Korean Labor (Communist) Party - SKLP</FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Arrested Lee Joong =
(</FONT>李重業<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), the head organizer, SKLP</FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Arrested Kim Hyong Yuk =
(</FONT>金炯六<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), a secretary of SKLP<BR></FONT>ㅇ =
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Arrested Kim Soo Im =
(</FONT>金壽壬<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), a spy.<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Arrested Kim Sam Ryong =
(</FONT>金三龍<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">) and Lee Ju Ha =
(</FONT>李舟河<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), top guerrilla commanders</FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Exposed Gen. Song Ho Sung =
(</FONT>宋虎聲<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), Supreme commander of the Constabulary, as =
a left=20
sympathizer. Song was fired.<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times =
New Roman">Arrested=20
Kim Young Sik (</FONT>金永植<FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">), the military=20
commander, SKLP<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">Smashed underground=20
networks of SKLP<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">The =
case of=20
guerrillas disguised as beggars<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Arrested Ahn So Ju =
(</FONT>安小柱<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">), the chief SKLP secretary of Gyong-gi=20
Province<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Exposed =
women guerrillas=20
disguised as peddlers<BR></FONT>ㅇ <FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">The case of In=20
Ae Association (</FONT>仁愛會<FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">) welcoming North=20
Korean troops </FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR></FONT> =20
<DD>
<H2 style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; WORD-SPACING: 0px" =
align=3Dcenter>　<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><A name=3D약력><FONT =
color=3D#004b97>●</FONT></A><FONT=20
color=3D#004b97> Kim Chang Ryong's Fake Cases</FONT></FONT></H2>
<DD>
<H2 style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; WORD-SPACING: 0px" =
align=3Dcenter> </H2>
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><B>"The People's Liberation Army":</B> In =
September=20
1948, one month prior to the Yosu mutiny of the 14th Regiment, Maj. Oh =
Dong=20
Gi, the regimental commander, and other senior officers of the =
regiment=20
allegedly plotted a rebellion. Kim 'uncovered' this plot. Maj Oh =
served=20
with Chiang Kaisek's army in China; he was 50 at the time of his =
arrest. Oh=20
was court-martialed and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Oh insisted =
that he=20
was being framed by Kim Chang Ryong and Chae Byong Duk, both his =
adversaries=20
in the Japanese army during WWII. </FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR><B>"The Coffin Case": </B>A group of =
young men, in=20
funeral outfits, was found carrying a coffin and moving toward Taegu. =
Kim=20
Chang Ryong "found" more than 50 carbines in the coffin and arrested =
the=20
would-be mourners. The truth of the matter is that there was no such=20
incident.</FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR><B>"The Pusan Mt. Gumjung Guerrilla =
Case": </B>Kim=20
Chang Ryong promised some inmates of the Taegu prison that they would =
be=20
released if they performed a certain task. The prisoners were taken to =
Mt.=20
Gumjung and told to put on guerrilla uniforms. As soon as they donned =
the=20
uniforms, Kim Chang Ryong's men opened fire and kill all of the =
prisoners.=20
Their bodies were displayed and Rhee Syngman decreed a martial law in=20
Pusan. </FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR><B>"Jung Guk Un International =
Espionage": =20
</B>Kim Chang Ryong arrested Jung Guk Un on August 31, 1953 and =
claimed that=20
he was a spy. Jung was a noted reporter in South Korea. He =
was=20
editor of Taeyang sinmun. After the paper was shut down, Jung worked =
for=20
Yonhap until the war broke out, when he went to Japan as a foreign=20
correspondent. In Tokyo, he attended press meetings and had =
access to=20
military "secrets". Jung was tried, convicted and executed on =
February=20
19, 1954.</FONT>=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: =
100%">　=20
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><B>"The East Sea Coup Plot":</B> Col. =
Kim Hwa=20
San, chief of personnel of the 1st Army at Sokcho (Lt. Lee Hyong Gun,=20
commander), plotted to kill Rhee Syngman and then take over the =
government.=20
After killing Rhee, Col. Kim was to lead 1,000 troops to Pusan, where =
Lt. Gen.=20
Kim Jong Pyong was waiting to mount a full-scale coup. =
</FONT>
<DD>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">　 </P>
<DT style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 100%"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><B>"Plot to kill Rhee =
Syngman":</B></FONT> <FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">On October 14, 1955, Rhee Syngman announced =
that a plot=20
to kill him was uncovered and the plotters were arrested. Among =
the=20
arrested were a number of leaders of political parties opposed to =
Rhee. The=20
suspects were tried and convicted by a military court. It turned =
out=20
that the alleged gunman, Lee Jong Tae was an undercover agent of Kim =
Chang=20
Ryong. Lee approached Rhee's political enemies and volunteered =
to be the=20
shooter, and the unsuspecting victims swallowed the hook. At the =
trial,=20
the supposed shooter starred as the key witness for prosecution. =
Many of=20
the accused were Kim Gu supporters.</FONT> </DT></DL>
<P><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><B>"The Cotton Cloth Case": </B>In the =
1950's,=20
army commanders were permitted to use military vehicles for business=20
transactions, proceeds from which were supposedly to feed their ill-fed, =
ill-clothed troops. One profitable business was to cut down trees, truck =
them to=20
cities for fire woods. Since the trees were free and the army =
trucks were=20
paid for by the government, this tree business was enormously =
profitable. =20
Rhee Syngman learned of this practice from Kim Chang Ryong and had it =
stopped to=20
the great anger of the army brass. The 'cotton' case came about =
when=20
cotton worth $500,000, intended to cloth the troops, were sold for cash =
in the=20
black market and part of the money went to Rhee's political allies. Kim =
Chang=20
Ryon was the money trail when he was gunned down.</FONT></P>
<HR>
<P>Source: <I><A=20
href=3D"http://banmin.or.kr/n_chungsan60/gun/kcr.htm">http://banmin.or.kr=
/n_chungsan60/gun/kcr.htm</A> =20
일제 관동군 =
헌병에서 대한민국 =
특무부장까지</I></P>
<P>　</P></FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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